Scoping reviews should have clearly articulated objective/s and question/s. There is still a lack of clarity when defining the exact method of scoping review as it is both an iterative process and is still relatively new and there have been a number of attempts to improve the standardisation of the method. More like this. Scoping review design represents a methodology that allows assessment of emerging evidence, as well as a first step in research development. Protocols may also be published in journals such as JBI Evidence … Scoping reviews, a type of knowledge synthesis, follow a systematic approach to map evidence on a topic and identify main concepts, theories, sources, and knowledge gaps. Describe/explain what scoping reviews are and how they can be applied. In designing the protocol for our scoping review of reviews, we drew upon Arksey and O'Malley's11 seminal work as well as recent scoping review publications.13, 14 Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework outlines a five stage approach with each stage discussed below. These ask for general knowledge about a condition or disease and can be used for a scoping review. For example, a scoping review might include the objective of mapping research papers and policy documents that concern models of transition for young people to adult health services to provide evidence for best practice transitional care for children with complex health needs (Watson et al. Find a librarian in your subject area to help you with your knowledge synthesis project. They: These ask for specific knowledge to inform clinical decisions or action. The objective is the rationale behind why the review should be conducted. The wide range of health determinants, methods and results used in UA research suggests the use of a scoping review as described by Arksey and O’Malley [] and Levac et al. Part 4: Doing scoping reviews As more authors are conducting reviews to integrate research findings, various review types have evolved with their respective methodologies developing in precision and clarity. ", Example: "What rehabilitation interventions are used to reduce fatigue in adults with multiple sclerosis?". This means it is important to find out if there are other knowledge syntheses that have been published or that are in the process of being published on your topic. Scoping reviews can be completed rapidly and can use qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods approaches. will not be included. Scoping reviews serve to synthesize evidence and assess the scope of literature on a topic. or (meta?anal$ or meta anal$ or meta-anal$ or metaanal$ or metanal$).ti,ab. [12]; Anderson et al. What intervention? Scope of the Literature Review It is also important to determine the precise scope of the literature review. "A review method that summarizes past empirical or theoretical literature to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a particular phenomenon or healthcare problem (Broome 1993).Integrative reviews, thus, have the potential to build nursing science, informing research, practice, and policy initiatives. You should have a draft research question before you choose the type of knowledge synthesis that you will conduct, as the type of answers you are looking for will help guide your choice of knowledge synthesis. purpose of the scoping review § The resources available and purpose determine how results are summarized • Narrative may describe the range of study types or focus on the scope of definitions and the implications of this on the number of located studies • Consider the implications of the findings of the scoping review within the broader As an example, if the scoping review question involved a consideration of management practices at dry-off in cattle, the researchers may consider including a group of dairy veterinarians or producers when discussing the scope of the review, the search terms, and the search strategy. scoping review still is a "rare bird," or worse, a chameleon, might be that one could hardly imagine systematic review authors feeling obliged to define the term "systematic review." To define an objective, think about what you are trying to understand about the topic you are reviewing. This scoping review's primary goal is to provide an overview of the effectiveness of behaviour change programmes that are currently used during pregnancy and to describe which components of the Behaviour Change Wheel are addressed in the intervention programmes. [13], clear consensus does P.D. What has been reported to be a facilitator/barrier for the success of these models? Scoping reviews, a type of knowledge synthesis, follow a systematic approach to map evidence on a topic and identify main concepts, theories, sources, and knowledge gaps. Your sub-questions will likely include both 'primary' and 'secondary' questions. As a communication tool, these scoping reviews include interactive, sortable evidence maps (see sidebar) of relevant studies. A systematic literature review on the impacts of UA on health determinants was performed. It should be clear, succinct, and convey to the reader what the study will add to the research field. The process starts with determining your overall topic and defining the review's objective. Perform a sufficiently developed search strategy (be as broad in your search as is reasonably possible) and then apply the "limit" under Publication Types for Systematic Reviews (it is, in fact, a search filter, and not only a publication checktag/limit). can be a sub-question within a wider scoping review. Even if you do find another review or synthesis on your topic, it may be sufficiently out of date or you may find other defendable reasons to perform it again. Analyses and syntheses are part of every scoping review but the depth and type of analysis are different than that found in a systematic review. Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering A scoping review will generally have one primary question, e.g. Reviews of primary research are becoming more common as evidence-based practice gains recognition as the benchmark for care, and the number of, and access to, primary research sources has grown. of scoping . It is also important to note that what is considered “recent” will depend on your discipline and the topic. Rumrill et al. Discuss/examine different examples of scoping reviews. The scoping review as it exists today may have first been named by Mays, Roberts and Popay (2001). For example, in the first stage of identifying the research question, Levac and colleagues provide detailed recommendations that researchers take time to clearly outline the concept, target population, and health outcomes to narrow the focus of the study. For example, within the US, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and Prevention, and the Centers for Disease Control all have healthcare performance reporting and quality improvement initiatives that were uncovered in the scoping review. A review protocol provides a step-by-step guide for conducting literature reviews, which may include systematic reviews, scoping reviews, and meta-analysis. And thirdly, the scoping review focusses on the dimensions of health promotion identified by Kliche and Kröger (2008). To create inclusion criteria, simply break down objectives and questions into their component parts. Once you have a reasonably well defined research question, it is important to make sure your project has not already been recently and successfully undertaken. You can focus your objectives by adding more elements to your inclusion criteria, e.g. How else might they be described? We conducted a scoping review to map the broad area of BCPs during pregnancy and to identify all potential boundaries of BCP in order to be able to facilitate autonomy for pregnant women. Prognostic reviews 8. What chronic diseases have been managed using nurse-led models? For example, a scoping review might seek to scope the range of adverse reactions reported following Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination. For example, if a scoping review finds either no studies or studies with conflicting results on a health outcome following exposure, the information can be used to design future studies. For example, a scoping review may conclude that there is not sufficient evidence in an area to support a research-based recommendation, or that the evidence does not support a conclusive answer due to divergence in results. Because . Diagnostic reviews 7. A scoping review generally has a broader purpose than a systematic review and focuses on descriptive characteristics of the included studies, rather than combining and analysing data to generate a synthesised result. Search strategy. Commonly, scope statement has two terms – the project scope statement and the product scope statement. Resources for screening, appraisal, and synthesis, https://libraryguides.mcgill.ca/knowledge-syntheses, Systematic Reviews, Scoping Reviews, and other Knowledge Syntheses, Process of conducting a knowledge synthesis, Grey literature and supplemental searching, Systematic Reviews Search Strategy Applied in PubMed, BEME: Best Evidence Medical and Health Professional Education, Typically a focused research question with narrow parameters, and usually fits into the PICO question format, Often a broad question that looks at answering larger, more complex, exploratory research questions and often does not fit into the PICO question format, Example: "In people with multiple sclerosis, what is the extent to which a walking intervention, compared to no intervention, improves self-report fatigue? or RETRACTED ARTICLE/) or (systematic$ adj2 (review$ or overview)).ti,ab. Epistemonikos was developed and is maintained by systematically searching electronic databases and other sources for relevant systematic reviews or syntheses. To define an objective, think about what you are trying to understand about the topic you are reviewing. Scoping literature reviews Although there have been several descriptions of scoping research methodology published over the past ten years or so, see for example Davis et al. The Cochrane Library (including systematic reviews of interventions, diagnostic studies, prognostic studies, and more) is an excellent place to start. Please check current information about other Library services impacted by Coronavirus (COVID-19). Once you have run your search, to limit to systematic reviews: Go to Additional Limits, and under EBM-Evidence Based Medicine, choose Systematic Review. 3 Stuart Miles/freedigitalphotos.net Read on to learn about the key elements of a good project scope example: Objectives Deliverables Milestones High-Level Requirements Assumptions Risks or Issues Review and Approval These are the overall objectives which will meet the needs of your customers. Examples of systematic review and scoping review questions. A scoping review of literature published in English since 1990 was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, and EMBASE. The aim is to create a descriptive summary of the results which addresses the scoping review's objectives, and ideally answers the questions of the review. This video is the fourth part of a Cochrane Learning Live webinar, delivered in partnership with GESI: the Global Evidence Synthesis Initiative. Although more scoping reviews are being done, their methodological and reporting quality need improvement. reviews, they . 2011).The value of scoping reviews to evidence-based healthcare and practice lies in the examination … Statement / Explanatory paper Tricco, AC, Lillie, E, Zarin, W, O'Brien, KK, Colquhoun, H, Levac, D, Moher, D, Peters, MD, Horsley, T, Weeks, L, Hempel, S et al. adding contextual factors such as health care setting or geographic location, or a population group. Exemplars for different scoping review indications In the following section, we elaborate on each of the in-dications listed for scoping reviews and provide a num-ber of examples for authors considering a scoping review approach. Part 3: Examples of non-health related scoping reviews; Scoping reviews: What they are and how you can do them. The example scoping review above sought certain quantitative studies only; qualitative studies, reviews, and conference abstracts were excluded because these were deemed by the reviewers not to be likely to contain relevant information to answer the review questions. Retrieve a number of results that is manageable for the research team (is the number of results on your topic feasible for you to finish the review? We documented the state of UA peer-reviewed literature by analyzing the geographic scope, country-level income, type of UA activities, and key findings on the main reported determinants of health. (Even if your question does not fit into a PICO, it can be helpful to think about whether you have defined your population, intervention, etc.). “What quality of life questionnaires are available for pediatric patients following tonsillectomies with or without adenoidectomies for chronic infections or sleep disordered breathing?” This article examines the current state of sport governance research within the field of sport management. Secondary questions provide additional or contextual information that doesn’t need to be addressed by all sources. Or contact the librarians at the Scoping reviews: what they are and how you can do them In these videos from a Cochrane Learning Live webinar delivered in partnership with GESI: the Global Evidence Synthesis Initiative , Dr Andrea C. 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