[2] The government of the Federal Republic of Germany, as well as most Western media and literature considered the Red Army Faction to be a terrorist organization. It was 2 May 1945 - and the photograph was taken, with the date and destination chalked on the side of the bomb, because this was going to be the last RAF wartime bombing raid on Nazi Germany. Special military forces, including snipers, guarded the roof. You know what kind of pigs we're up against. [25], Axel Springer's populist newspaper Bild-Zeitung, which had run headlines such as "Stop Dutschke now! Got quite overwhelmed seeing all the photos from the commemoration on this site. A land mine blew up under the bridge on which Haig's car was traveling, narrowly missing Haig's car and wounding three of his bodyguards in a following car. The first act of terrorism attributed to the group after the student Benno Ohnesorg had been killed by a policeman in 1967 was the bombing of the Kaufhaus Schneider department store. [78], "Baader-Meinhof" redirects here. Subsequently, the RAF announced their intention to "de-escalate" and refrain from significant activity. "[28] Baader, Ensslin, Mahler, and Meinhof then went to Jordan, where they trained with Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) guerrillas[10][failed verification] and looked to the Palestinian cause for inspiration and guidance. On 23 June 1975, Croissant, Ströbele (who had already been expelled), and Mary Becker were arrested, and in the meantime police invaded several defense attorneys' offices and homes, seizing documents and files. This became clear when, on 27 February 1975, Peter Lorenz, the CDU candidate for mayor of Berlin, was kidnapped by the 2 June Movement (allied to the RAF) as part of pressure to secure the release of several other detainees. Theodor Prinzing was accused by defense attorney Otto Schily of having been appointed arbitrarily, displacing other judges. In 1970, a manifesto authored by Meinhof used the name "RAF" and the red star logo with a Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun for the first time.[31]. A total of ten incidents followed over the next month, against US, British, and French targets. 6. Featured peformers: Richard W. Smith (producer), Justus Liebig (aka_text mixer role_id 1327.aka_text), Eric Banks (music director, sleeve notes), Wucke (photography), Kochlowski (cover design). It was later revealed that the conversation they had between themselves as well as with their attorneys were recorded. The terms "Baader-Meinhof Gang" and "Baader-Meinhof Group" were first used by the media and the government. After the successful conclusion of the Landshut hostage crisis was announced in the late evening of 17 October, all the RAF members incarcerated in Stammheim committed suicide during the following night. A letter was then received by the federal government, demanding the release of eleven detainees, including those in Stammheim. Later when their requests were rejected, U.S. agents Barton Osbourne (ex-CIA, ex-member of the Phoenix Program), G. Peck (NSA), and Gary Thomas gave extensive interviews (organized by defense lawyers) on 23 June 1976 where they explained how FRG support was crucial for U.S. operations in Vietnam. 3 police-officers and the driver are also killed during the kidnapping. On 7 May 2007, pardon was denied; regular[e] parole was later granted on 24 November 2008. They were guarding the NATO 2–3 Nuclear storage site at the time, and had been fired upon several times the night before by Christian Klar, when two US soldiers had been slightly wounded and one killed. Freedom through armed, anti-imperialist struggle. Baader was arrested again in April 1970, but on 14 May 1970 he was freed by Meinhof and others. Der Spiegel wondered whether that atmosphere anticipated "the condemnation of the defendants who were allegedly responsible for the emergency measures."[36]. Sometimes the group is talked about in terms of generations: On 20 April 1998, an eight-page typewritten letter in German was faxed to the Reuters news agency, signed "RAF" with the submachine-gun red star, declaring that the group had dissolved. Outside Germany, films include Swiss director Markus Imhoof's Die Reise (The Journey) (1986). Following the convictions, Hanns Martin Schleyer, a former officer of the SS who was then President of the German Employers' Association (and thus one of the most powerful industrialists in West Germany) was abducted in a violent kidnapping. Welcome to Forces Reunited the place where you can find information and friends from RAF Rheindahlen.. We are the largest and fastest growing community of UK forces veterans on the web with over 500,000 members! Marching Around Europe, an Album by The Band of The Royal Air Force, Germany. We were the first generation since the war, and we were asking our parents questions. [45], The suicide of the imprisoned RAF leadership led to a significant media echo. [12] The Communist Party of Germany had been outlawed since 1956. The Berlin 2 June Movement, a militant-Anarchist group, later took its name to honor the date of Ohnesorg's death. In 2011, the last imprisoned RAF member Birgit Hogefeld was released on parole. He was eventually freed and relocated to the US after getting a new identity and 500,000 Deutschmarks. This could perhaps be seen as an extension of Marx's work as he did not cover this area in detail. On 21 May 1975, the Stammheim trial of Baader, Ensslin, Meinhof, and Raspe began, named after the district in Stuttgart where it took place. The RAF has been held responsible for thirty-four deaths, including many secondary targets, such as chauffeurs and bodyguards, as well as many injuries throughout its almost thirty years of activity. [35]:547, At several points in the Stammheim trial, microphones were turned off while defendants were speaking. Brigitte Mohnhaupt, Peter Boock, Rolf Wagner, and Sieglinde Hoffmann spent most of the year in SB facilities in Mazury district, where they were also going through series of training programs along with others from Arab countries.[49]. Two people killed: Airman First Class Frank Scarton and Becky Bristol, a U.S. civilian employee who also was the spouse of a U.S. Air Force enlisted man. Foreign Policy Blog. Post-reunification German films include Christian Petzold's Die innere Sicherheit (The State I Am In) (2000); Kristina Konrad's Grosse Freiheit, Kleine Freiheit (Greater Freedom, Lesser Freedom (2000); and Christopher Roth's Baader (2002). On 30 November 1989, Deutsche Bank chairman Alfred Herrhausen was killed with a highly complex bomb when his car triggered a photo sensor in Bad Homburg. To weaken the organization further the government declared that some RAF inmates would be released if the RAF refrained from violent attacks in the future. Since none of these were on trial for murder, the state agreed, and those inmates (and later Lorenz himself) were released. To start the many celebrations of the centenary of the Royal Air Force, the finest of their various bands have now been gathered together in this unique double album. [35]:549, Accredited media correspondents had to pass a police road block 400 meters from the court. 1988 On 2 April 1968 Gudrun Ensslin and Andreas Baader, joined by Thorwald Proll and Horst Söhnlein, set fire to two department stores in Frankfurt as a protest against the Vietnam war. Thank you for the comments about the RAF Germany Band commemoration, it was a most poignant occasion. [citation needed]. Meinhof commented, "If one sets a car on fire, that is a criminal offence. For other uses, see, Later design of the RAF's insignia showing a, The RAF described itself as a communist and, "24 June 1976: The West German parliament passes the, In Leninist terminology a "fraction" is a subset of a larger communist movement. With about 90% of the Bundestag controlled by the coalition, an Extra-Parliamentary Opposition (APO) was formed with the intent of generating protest and political activity outside of government. (Adolf Eichmann who was an Obersturmbannführer in the SS, was held inside a glass cage during his trial in Israel). [citation needed], On 10 November 1974, the group killed Günter von Drenkmann, the president of Germany's superior court of justice. Four civilians (two adults and two children) were killed the next day in an accidental shooting by American troops who had been placed on high alert after the attack. Only Horst Söhnlein complied with the order; the rest went underground and made their way to France, where they stayed for a time in a house owned by prominent French journalist and revolutionary, Régis Debray, famous for his friendship with Che Guevara and the foco theory of guerrilla warfare. Wood (Artist), Raf of Germany Band (Artist) Format: Audio CD. Shop for Vinyl, CDs and more from RAF at the Discogs Marketplace. The current bands are RAF Central Scotland, RAF Halton, RAF Lossiemouth and RAF Waddington. A few of the bombs that were intended to blow up the embassy prematurely detonated, which resulted in the death of two of the six Baader-Meinhof affiliates. PIPE BANDS IN THE ROYAL AIR FORCE. Claimed by the, Bombing of the car of the Federal Judge Buddenberg, His wife Gerta was driving the car and was wounded. (Thanks to Unity Slade-Howard for the photographs). The Band of the Royal Air Force Germany, Barry Rose & Wing Cdr R. E. C. Davies First Suite for Military Band in E-Flat Major, Op. [citation needed], On 19 May 1972, members of the Baader-Meinhof gang armed six bombs in the Axel Springer Verlag in Hamburg. On 5 September 1977, Schleyer's convoy was stopped by the kidnappers reversing a car into the path of Schleyer's vehicle, causing the Mercedes in which he was being driven to crash. Andreas Baader and Jan-Carl Raspe shot themselves with these weapons while Gudrun Ensslin hanged herself. Want to see Raf Camora in concert? Many members of the RAF operated through a single contact or only knew others by their codenames. [47][48] In 1978 part of the group was exfiltrated through Yugoslavia to communist Poland to avoid a manhunt in Germany. A high-risk rescue operation was led by Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski, then undersecretary in the chancellor's office, who had been secretly flown in from Bonn. 13 ] Elected and appointed government positions down to the murder of two of inmates. 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